Abstract. HOTS is an important aspect that must be developed for students in
order to solving
problems and learning mathematics that is not routine because HOTS requires the ability to think
creatively and critically, so the purpose of this research is to develop HOTS questions categories of
creating (C6) that are valid and practical and have potential effects towards
students’
math literacy.
The method of this
research is development research with preliminary and
formative evaluation stages including self evaluation, expert reviews,
one-to-one, small groups, and field tests.Techniques for collecting data used documents,
walkthroughs, interviews, tests, and observations while data analysis uses descriptive.
The conclusion from the results of this study is the HOTS exercises creating
category (C6) which is valid can be seen from expert review based
on content, construct and language assessment. It can be seen from small groups, while the
potential effect on students' literacy skills is quite good. This can be seen
from the ability of students to analyze information about exercise, make ideas in
designing problem solving and organize elements into new structures that may
never exist before.
Keywords:Keywords:high order
thinking skill (HOTS); creating.
1. Introduction
One of the fields
of science that has an important role in the development of technology and
information is mathematics, in order to face global competition it is expected
that everyone can understanding mathematics (mathematical literacy). In the era
of globalization, competitive human resources are highly needed so that they
can facing the demands of increasingly advanced era [1]. In addition, qualified
human resources have the critical, systematic, logical, creative, and
willingness to work together effectively [2]. Then human resources who have
thoughts that are always generated from educational institutions. While
mathematics is one of the most important science in education, because
mathematics whose thought process is not limited to the world of education but
also applies it in various fields such
as population, economics and business, administration, and so on.
Students' mathematical competencies
is no longer concerning the ability to count, but also logical and critical
reasoning ability in problem solving. Therefore, teachers are expected to
design their own material and contextual exercises as the tools to improve the
quality of teaching and learning processes [3]. Education have influence in the
quality of human resources, education’s quality begins with learning’s quality
as well.At the same time, learning objectives should be precisely arranged to
increase the quality of learning [4].
A person who has a high level of
thinking ability, can be seen from various aspects, namely ability, critical,
creative and problem solving.[5] also explained that critical thinking is one
of the high-level thinking processes that can be used in forming student
conceptual systems. Creating creative ideas means creating an unusual thing to
resolve the problem.There are some indicators show that someone who has the
ability to think creatively, is able to gives new ideas, questions, and able yo
experiment and strategize. While problem solving skills (problem solving)
required the ability to think critically and creatively. Bidasari [6] the
defines that problem solving ability is a part of the curriculum of mathematics
that is very important because in the process of learning and completion,
students gain experience using the knowledge and skills they already have to
apply to solving problems that are not routine.
One of the
government's efforts to develop the ability to think creatively and critically
is through HOTS which is applied in the curriculum. Conklin in Arifin [7]
explained the characteristics of higher order thinking skills as
"encompassing both critical thinking and creative thinking."
Therefore, high-level thinking skills are characterized by critical and
creative thinking.
Then the learning
strategy needs a little change in the learning process by increasing the
high-level thinking skills in the classroom. According to Lewy et al [8] also
said that good learning is learning that familiarizes problem-based learning,
persuade students to always explain and maintain the process and results of
their work from criticism launched by their friends, accustom students to solve
problems with a variety of strategies ( open ended approach) and invite them to
evaluate these strategies in terms of effectiveness ,efficiency and carrying
out reflective practices (by keeping journal).
Kartwohl in Lewy et al [8] said the
indicators used in measuring high-level thinking skills include analysis,
evaluation, and creation. Krathwohl in Suryapuspitarini, et al [1], indicators
for measuring high-level thinking skills in creating category include:
generalizing an idea or perspective, designing problem-solving strategy,
organizing elements to construct new structure. Creation is the ability to
combine elements to form a new and unique structure, design techniques, and
find multiple solutions[9]. Student exercise during learning process will
provide knowledge, attitudes, and skills to the students, and allow the teacher
to measure students' ability to understand a specific material subject, develop
and apply learning material that is considered difficult to be conveyed
verbally.
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